Over the last week I've tried installing cPanel (alone or with Cloudlinux) on Centos 7 VPS' provided by Linode, Vultr, and Digital Ocean. Perhaps 15 attempts in total, none of which ran to completion (in one case it appeared to have completed, but it was not in fact working). Sounds like your issue might have been similar.
I believe I have followed the installation instructions on the cPanel website to the letter when preparing the VPS (disable SELinux if enabled, disable firewalls and NetworkManager etc).
At the end I created a support ticket, and the support staff were able to perform an installation for me on Linode (8709001). Not sure what they did different, if anything. (The only thing I did differently when preparing this VPS was that I did not run yum update prior to letting cPanel support have a go).